Posters

To view the objects in our personal collection, please visit the dedicated website. These objects are available exclusively for rental or acquisition by ecomuseums.

 By R. Bourdeix


These high definition posters are related to various aspects of coconut diversity, cultivation and culture. They were initially conceived as pictures plates to be inserted in the document "Global Strategy for Conservation and Use of Coconut Genetic Resources" of the COGENT network. 
Everybody can download these posters free of charge, and print them. Please do not modify these documents and do not remove logos. These poster are under the Creative Commons licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International).
Most convenient poster size to pin in an office, a school or elsewhere is A1 size, 59 x 84 cm, but these files are large and heavy, so please be patient for downloading, it can take several minutes!

TitleDownloadPictures
1. Coconut is not coconut!

Fruit diversity
of the coconut palm.
A4 size (21x29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)
2. Towards a wider diversity. 
Compact Dwarfs are crucial varieties for the future of  coconut breeding.
A4 size (21x29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)
3. Tall-type coconut varieties from the Pacific Region.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

4. Coconut Dwarf varieties of the Malayan type.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

5. Care your coconut hybrids! When well managed, coconut hybrids can perform up to their high potential.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

6. Spicata forms of various coconut varieties
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

7. Coconut palms, climate change and coastal areas
A4 size (21x29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

8. Coconut palms, landscaping and ecotourism
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

9. Progenies of Dwarf x Dwarf hybrids. In 2002, experiments consisting in selfing Dwarf x Dwarf hybrids have been launched by CNRA and CIRAD in  Côte d'Ivoire, Africa.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

10. Reproductive biology of the coconut palm. Understanding coconut reproductive biology helps farmers regarding in situ conservation and local production of good planting material.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

11. Diversity of coconut palm trunks. The great diversity of coconut palm trunks (also called stems) helps for identification
of varietal types.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

12. Care your coconut palms! cultivation of Dwarf-type coconut varieties.
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

13. Coconut diversity in French Polynesia
(English version).
A4 size (21 x 29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)

14. Coconut diversity in New Caledonia
(French version).
A4 size (21x29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)


15. Coconut diversity in French Polynesia
(French version).
A4 size (21x29.7 cm)
A1 size (59 x 84 cm)






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1a. Global economic impact: oil palm, coconut palm, and date palm

Section in construction

We attempted, based on the scientific literature, to estimate the losses caused by attacks of insects of the genus Oryctes on cultivated and ornamental palms. Documented losses attributable to Oryctes spp. alone amount to:

  • Oil palm: ~$2.85 billion USD/year in Malaysia alone (25% yield reduction; Catley, 1969; Manjeri et al., 2014), up to 40–92% in the first year of young plantations (Mohd Masri et al., 2021).
  • Coconut palm: ~$628 million USD/year in Southeast Asia; projected $169 million USD/year by 2040 for Pacific islands (Pacific Community, 2021); $40–50 million USD in Solomon Islands (Young & Pelomo, 2014.
  • Date palm: infestation rates reaching 53.75% of surveyed farms in Tunisia (Soltani et al., 2008); 40% loss of potential production in Sudan (Ahmed, A. E. I., et al. 2014.); global date palm market valued at $9.2 billion USD in 2024 (Global Market Insights, 2025).
  • Ornamental palms and public spaces: $2.5 million USD in replacement costs in Guam alone (Moore, 2009; USDA-APHIS, 2011).

Invasive insects are estimated to cost at least 70 billion USD/year globally in goods and services, with additional health costs exceeding 6.9 billion USD/year (Bradshaw et al., 2016; Marshall et al., 2017). The economic impacts of Oryctes spp. are likely to be at least three billion USD per year, substantially underestimated within these figures.


Français

Nous avons tenté, sur la base de la littérature scientifique, d’estimer les pertes causées par les attaques d’insectes du genre Oryctes sur les palmiers cultivés et ornementaux. Les pertes documentées attribuables aux seules espèces d’Oryctes s’élèvent à :

  • Palmier à huile : environ 2,85 milliards USD par an en Malaisie seulement (réduction de rendement de 25% ; Catley, 1969 ; Manjeri et al., 2014), jusqu’à 40–92% la première année dans les jeunes plantations (Mohd Masri et al., 2021).
  • Cocotier : environ 628 millions USD par an en Asie du Sud-Est ; pertes projetées à 169 millions USD par an d’ici 2040 pour les îles du Pacifique (Pacific Community, 2021) ; 40–50 millions USD aux îles Salomon (Young & Pelomo, 2014).
  • Palmier dattier : taux d’infestation atteignant 53,75% des exploitations étudiées en Tunisie (Soltani et al., 2008) ; perte de 40% de la production potentielle au Soudan (Ahmed, A. E. I., et al., 2014) ; le marché mondial du palmier dattier est évalué à 9,2 milliards USD en 2024 (Global Market Insights, 2025).
  • Palmiers ornementaux et espaces publics : 2,5 millions USD de coûts de remplacement pour Guam à elle seule (Moore, 2009 ; USDA-APHIS, 2011).

On estime qu’au niveau mondial, les insectes invasifs coûtent au moins 70 milliards USD par an en biens et services, avec des coûts sanitaires supplémentaires dépassant 6,9 milliards USD par an (Bradshaw et al., 2016 ; Marshall et al., 2017). Les impacts économiques des espèces d’Oryctes sont vraisemblablement d’au moins trois milliards USD par an, ce qui est très probablement sous-estimé dans ces chiffres.

References

Ahmed, A. E. I., et al. 2014. Control of Oryctes monoceros on date palm field in Sudan. World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(6): 240–244.

Al-Deeb, M.A., Khalaf, M.Z. & Mohammadpour, K. 2012. Biology and life history of Oryctes agamemnon arabicus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the United Arab Emirates. Florida Entomologist, 95(3): 774–779.

Bradshaw, C. J., Leroy, B., Bellard, C., Roiz, D., Albert, C., Fournier, A., Barbet-Massin, M., Salles, J.-M., Simard, F., & Courchamp, F. (2016). Massive yet grossly underestimated global costs of invasive insects. Nature Communications, 7, 12986. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12986

Catley, A. (1969). The coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (L.). PANS, 15(1), 18–30.

Global Market Insights. (2025). Date palm market size and share report, industry analysis 2025-2034. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/date-palm-market

Manjeri, G., Muhamad, R., & Tan, S. G. (2014). Oryctes rhinoceros beetles, an oil palm pest in Malaysia. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(22), 3429–3439.

Marshall, S. D. G., Moore, A., Vaqalo, M., Noble, A., & Jackson, T. A. (2017). A new haplotype of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, has escaped biological control by Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus and is invading Pacific Islands. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 149, 127-134. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022201117300289?via%3Dihub

Moore, A. (2009). Survey of coconut rhinoceros beetle damage at the Pacific Islands Club, Guam. University of Guam Cooperative Extension Service. cité page 9 de ce document : https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/CRBGuamDecember2011.pdf

Pacific Community. (2021). Pacific invasion: The hidden threat of the coconut rhinoceros beetle. SPC.

Soltani, R., Ikbel, C. & Ben Hamouda, M. 2008. Descriptive study of damage caused by the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon, and its influence on date palm oases of Rjim Maatoug, Tunisia. Journal of Insect Science, 8: 57, 11 pp. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20302545/

Young, D. & Pelomo, M. 2014. Solomon Islands Coconut Value Chain Analysis. World Bank, Washington, DC. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17831

Section oryt-1a, © Roland BOURDEIX, 2025
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